Satire

Satire


Satire is a genre of literature that makes fun of people . In satire, human or individual vices or weaknesses are examined and mocked. Although satire is generally funny, its main purpose is to criticize a person, a group or an institution in an intelligent manner. There are many different forms of satire but all of them are intended to criticize or mock, though some have done it less obviously than others. Though satire was famously used by the ancient Greeks, the name comes from the ancient Roman language, Latin. Not all ancient (or even more recent) satirists had the luxury of being able to criticize people or society without fear of the authorities taking action against them. Because of this, many Roman satirists criticized imaginary individuals, or people and events from many years before. To the more intelligent of their readers or audience, the real targets were obvious, not that the authorities and the rich and powerful (who were often those being mocked) could prove this or stop people from laughing.

Horace and Juvenal are two of the most famous and imaginative of the Roman satirists ( they themselves were inspired by earlier Greek writers such as Aristophanes.)

يعتبر الهجاء شكل أدبي يضحك البشر. ففي الهجاء تعرى الرذائل الفردية ونقاط الضعف الإنسانية ليُسخر منها ورغم أن الهجاء يضحكنا عموما، إلا أن الغرض الرئيسي من وراء هو انتقاد فرد أو جماعة أو مؤسسة بطريقة ذكية. هناك عدة أشكال مختلفة للهجاء والهدف من وراءها جميعاً النقد أو السخرية رغم أن البعض ممن مارسوه جعلوه بطريقة أقل وضوحا عن البعض الآخر. وبالرغم من الهجاء استخدم على نطاق واسع لدى الإغريق القدماء فقد أتى الاسم من اللغة الرومانسية القديمة , اللاتينية. ليس كل الساخرين القدامى أو حتى حديثي العهد منهم كان لديهم ملكة نقد الناس أو المجتمع دون الخوف أن تنقلب عليهم السلطات ونظراً لذلك العديد من الناقدين الرومانيين نقدوا شخصيات وهمية أو ناس و أحداث وقعت منذ عدة سنين. و لقرّائهم وجمهورهم الأكثر ذكاء" فإن أهداف السخرية الحقيقية كانت واضحة ولا يستطيع السلطات والأغنياء والأقوياء (الناس الذين غاليبا" ما يُهزأ بهم) أن يثبتوا أو يوقفوا الناس عن الضحك.


يعتبر هوراس و جوفينال أكثر الشعراء الرمانيين شهرة وأوسعهم خيالاً في الهجاء ( وقد ألهمهم في ذلك كتاب إغريقيين قدماء أمثال أرستوفين .

Questions &answers

II- Read the following text then do the tasks below

Satire is a genre of literature that makes fun of people. In satire, human or individual vices or weaknesses are examined and mocked. Although satire is generally funny, its main purpose is to criticize a person a group or an institution in an intelligent manner. There are many different forms of satire but all of them are intended to criticise or mock, though some have done it less obviously than others. though satire famously used by the ancient Greeks , the name comes from the ancient Roman language, Latin. Not all ancient ( or even more recent ) satirists had the luxury of being able to criticize people or society without fear of authorities taking action against them . Because of this , many Roman satirists criticized imaginary individuals, or people and events from many years before.

Choose the correct answer a , b , or c: ( 4 marks )

11- The main purpose of satire is to ……………

a- make fun b- criticize people c- entertain people

12- The name satire comes from ……………….

a- The ancient Greeks b- English. c- Latin.

Match the underlined words from the text to the following definitions: ( 6 marks )

13- kind or style

14- in spite of the fact that

15- unreal , existing only in the mind

- studied carefully: ……………

- causing laughter: …………….

- clever: …………..

- great comfort: ……………….

- group of people living together: ………

- earlier than ………

Complete the following sentences with information from the text: ( 6 marks )

16- In satire we can examine and mock ………………………………

17- Some satirists couldn't criticise real people or society because …………………

18- The main purpose of satire is to ………………………………….



11- b 12- c 13- genre 14- although 15- imaginary

16- human or individual vices and weaknesses

17- authorities could take action against them.

18- criticise a person, a group or an institution in an intelligent manner.

رابط خارجي:
ملاحظات: